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This tense is also known as the Compound Past, the Perfect,
and the Conversational
Past. This tense is most commonly used in conversation.
It is compound, that is, made of two parts, a helping verb and a participle.
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Like English, some verbs form the participles in a regular
manner ("weak" verbs).
"Weak" verbs form the participle by adding "ge-" to the front of the stem, and "-t" to the end.
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Other verbs are irregular ("strong" verbs). The participles of "strong"
verbs must be memorized,
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Unlike English, in German the helping verb can be "sein" as well as "haben." While most verbs use "haben," verbs indicating motion or a change in condition use "sein."
Other verbs using "sein"
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This chart below shows the principal parts of some basic
verbs.
"Principal parts" (Verbteile) are the variations you need to know to use a verb in different tenses. The principal parts are the infinitive, the present-tense
form (if it is irregular), the stem form of the simple past, the auxiliary
verb (if it is "sein"), and the participle. If the auxiliary
verb is not shown, it is "haben."
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The simple
past tense of haben, sein, and the modals is in the
chart because it is more commonly used in conversation than the compound
past form.
For other verbs, conversational past tense is the perfect tense, while the simple past is used for narration. |
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Read through the chart to learn to express past events
in conversation.
Read the examples ALOUD. Then practice the verbs with the exercises. |
The Past Tense in Conversation:
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Principal parts of verbs: Verbteile
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Beispiele Examples |
Übersetzungen Translations |
Wichtiges Important notes |
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Auxiliary (helping) verbs
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These verbs are important, because they are used
as auxiliary (helping) verbs. They are irregular
in the present tense as well as in other tenses, so spend some time
practicing them.
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Modals
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These verbs are modals. They
are irregular. Modals lose their umlauts in the simple past &
participle forms.
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Regular (Weak) Verbs
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These are regular verbs. Form
the participle by adding "ge-" to the
front of the stem and "-t" to the end.
ge-+ (stem) +-t |
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Infinitives ending in -ieren
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Verbs ending in "-ieren" don't take "ge-"
in the participle. Regular -ieren verb: |
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Irregular Weak (Mixed) Verbs
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Most weak verbs are regular, but there are a few irregular weak verbs, like these. There are changes to the verb stem as in the irregular verbs, but the participle uses the ge- (s) -t pattern of weak verbs. | ||||||||||||
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Irregular (Strong) Verbs
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These are strong verbs. Most irregular participles: ge- +(changed stem) + -en |
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Verbs using the auxiliary "sein"
instead of "haben"
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These verbs, both strong and weak, denote a
change of location. They form the conversational past with
"sein."
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These verbs denote a change in condition.
They form the conversational past with "sein."
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Verbs with Separable Prefixes
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These verbs have a separable prefix. They form the
participle by adding either a "-t" or "-en"
to the end of the stem, depending on whether they are weak or strong,
and by adding a "ge-" to the front of the stem,
in between the separable prefix and the main verb.
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Verbs with Inseparable Prefixes
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NO
These verbs begin with an inseparable prefix (be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, ver-, zer). The participles do not add "ge-" to the front of the stem. Übung: Partizipien mit untrennbaren Präfixen Exercise with Participles with Inseparable Prefixes |
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Usage of the present perfect in English and
German: they're not the same.
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Although the structures appear similar (helping verb + participle), the present perfect tense functions differently in German and English. In German, it refers to the past, to something that is over and done with. It's the past tense used in conversation. For this reason, the best translation is often the simple past tense in English, and not the present perfect. The present perfect tense in English refers to events that started in the past and continue into the present. If something is true in the present, German employs the present tense. To indicate it started in the past, German uses a time expression such as "schon," "schon seit" or "seit." Look at the examples below to see how this works.
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©A. Campitelli; Greensboro, NC 1999-2008